Fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde entre idosos de grupos comunitários / Factors associated with self-rated health in older adults from community groups / Factores asociados con la autoimagen de salud entre mayores de grupos comunitarios

Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a autopercepção negativa de saúde e características individuais entre idosos de grupos comunitários do Sudeste do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado entre os anos 2014 a 2017, com amostra de 157 idosos participantes de 2 grupos de convivência de dispositivos sociais e/ou religiosos da cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Por meio de um questionário estruturado, baseado em questões utilizadas em inquérito populacional e de aferição de medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura (CC), avaliou-se a autopercepção de saúde (variável resposta) por meio da seguinte pergunta: o(a) senhor(a) diria que sua saúde está: ruim, razoável, boa ou muito boa? As respostas foram categorizadas em autopercepção de saúde negativa (ruim e razoável) e positiva (boa e muito boa). Realizaram-se estatísticas descritivas, testes Mann-Whitney, Fisher e qui-quadrado e regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: A proporção de autopercepção negativa de saúde foi de 32,5%. A autopercepção negativa de saúde associou-se à menor renda (OR=5,02; IC95%: 2,08 - 12,08), à inatividade física (OR=3,51; IC95%: 1,26 - 9,78) e à presença de duas ou mais doenças (OR=4,96; IC95%: 2,10 - 11,72), independentemente da idade e do sexo. Conclusão: A autopercepção negativa de saúde associou-se à menor renda familiar, à inatividade física e à presença de duas ou mais doenças associadas.

Objective: To investigate the association between negative self-perception of health and individual characteristics in older adults from community groups in Southeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between 2014 and 2017 with a sample of 157 older adults from 2 social groups held by social and/or religious services in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A structured questionnaire containing questions used in population-based surveys was used and anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were taken. Self-rated health (the outcome variable) was assessed using the following question: would you say your health is bad, fair, good, or very good? The answers were categorized into negative self-perception (poor and fair) and positive self-perception (good and very good). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's test, Chi-squared test, and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results: The rate of negative self-perception of health was 32.5%. Negative self-perception of health was associated with lower levels of income (OR=5.02; 95%CI: 2.08 - 12.08), physical inactivity (OR=3.51; 95%CI: 1.26 - 9.78), and presence of two or more diseases (OR=4.96, 95%CI: 2.10 - 11.72), regardless of age and sex. Conclusion: Negative self-perception of health was associated with lower levels of income, physical inactivity and presence of two or more associated diseases.

Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre la auto percepción negativa de salud y las características individuales entre mayores de grupos comunitarios del Sudeste de Brasil. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado entre los años 2014 y 2017 con la muestra de 157 mayores participantes de 2 grupos de convivencia de dispositivos sociales y/o religiosos de la ciudad de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A través de un cuestionario estructurado basado en las preguntas utilizadas en encuesta poblacional y tras la verificación de las medidas antropométricas de peso, altura y circunferencia de la cintura (CC), se evaluó la auto percepción de la salud (variable respuesta) a través de la siguiente pregunta: ¿En su opinión su salud está mala, mediana, buena o muy buena? Las respuestas han sido categorizadas en auto percepción de salud negativa (mala y mediana) y positiva (buena y muy buena). Se realizaron las estadísticas descriptivas, las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, Fisher y chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: La proporción de la auto percepción negativa de salud ha sido del 32,5%. La auto percepción negativa de salud se asoció con la menor renta (OR=5,02; IC95%: 2,08 - 12,08), la inactividad física (OR=3,51; IC95%: 1,26 - 9,78) y la presencia de dos o más enfermedades (OR=4,96; IC95%: 2,10 - 11,72), independientemente de la edad y del sexo. Conclusión: La auto percepción negativa de salud se asoció con la menor renta familiar, la inactividad física y la presencia de dos o más enfermedades asociadas.

Annona coriacea Mart. Fractions Promote Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibit Autophagic Flux in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

Plant-based compounds are an option to explore and perhaps overcome the limitations of current antitumor treatments. Annona coriacea Mart. is a plant with a broad spectrum of biological activities, but its antitumor activity is still unclear. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of A. coriacea fractions on a panel of cervical cancer cell lines and a normal keratinocyte cell line. The antitumor effect was investigated in vitro by viability assays, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. Intracellular signaling was assessed by Western blot, and major compounds were identified by mass spectrometry. All fractions exhibited a cytotoxic effect on cisplatin-resistant cell lines, SiHa and HeLa. C3 and C5 were significantly more cytotoxic and selective than cisplatin in SiHa and Hela cells. However, in CaSki, a cisplatin-sensitive cell line, the compounds did not demonstrate higher cytotoxicity when compared with cisplatin. Alkaloids and acetogenins were the main compounds identified in the fractions. These fractions also markedly decreased cell proliferation with p21 increase and cell cycle arrest in G2/M. These effects were accompanied by an increase of H2AX phosphorylation levels and DNA damage index. In addition, fractions C3 and C5 promoted p62 accumulation and decrease of LC3II, as well as acid vesicle levels, indicating the inhibition of autophagic flow. These findings suggest that A. coriacea fractions may become effective antineoplastic drugs and highlight the autophagy inhibition properties of these fractions in sensitizing cervical cancer cells to treatment.

Association between the habit of reading food labels and health-related factors in elderly individuals of the community / Associação entre hábito de leitura de rótulos de alimentos e fatores relacionados à saúde em idosos da comunidade

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the association between the habit of reading food labels and health related factors in elderly individuals who are members of social groups in the city of Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study interviewed 141 individuals, members of elderly social groups. The socioeconomic and health profile was defined based on sex, age, marital status, educational level, disease occurrence, use of medication, physical exercise and self-perception of health. The habit of reading the food labels was assessed through the question: "Do you read the food label before purchasing or consuming the product?". In case of an affirmative answer, researchers asked which items from the labels were observed by the individual. Weekly food intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire and classified in scores. The anthropometric evaluation was based on the calculation and classification of the Body Mass Index. A multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the habit of reading the labels, and it was considered significant when p<0.025. Results The habit of reading labels was reported by 72.3% of the participants, whom predominantly verified the product's expiration date (90.2%), followed by the amount of fat (18.4%) and sodium (16.7%) in it. This behavior was independently associated with a lower mean consumption of medicines, a lower per capita household consumption of sugar and a higher weekly frequency of per capita whole grain consumption. Conclusion The habit of reading the food labels is associated with a better health condition and with a healthier eating behavior among elderly individuals and it should be considered as an important nutritional strategy in this age group.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação entre hábito de leitura de rótulos de alimentos e fatores relacionados à saúde entre idosos participantes de grupos de convivência em Governador Valadares. Métodos Este estudo transversal entrevistou 141 idosos participantes de grupos de terceira idade. O perfil socioeconômico e de saúde foi definido pela identificação de sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, ocorrência de doenças, uso de medicamentos, exercício físico e autopercepção da própria saúde. A leitura de rótulos foi avaliada pela pergunta: "O(A) Senhor(a) verifica o rótulo de alimentos antes de sua compra ou consumo?", questionando-se os itens avaliados em caso de resposta positiva. O consumo alimentar semanal foi avaliado por meio do questionário de frequência alimentar e classificado por meio de escores. A avaliação antropométrica se baseou no cálculo e classificação do Índice de Massa Corporal. A regressão logística multinomial foi utilizada para determinar fatores associados ao hábito de leitura de rótulos, adotando-se p<0,025 para significância da associação. Resultados O hábito de leitura de rótulos foi relatado por 72,3% dos entrevistados, que verificavam predominantemente prazo de validade (90,2%), teores de gorduras (18,4%) e sódio (16,7%). O mesmo se associou independentemente ao menor consumo mediano de medicamentos, menor consumo familiar per capita de açúcar e maior frequência de consumo semanal de cereais integrais. Conclusão O hábito de leitura de rótulos alimentares esteve associado a melhores condições de saúde e comportamentos alimentares mais saudáveis entre idosos da comunidade, devendo ser considerado como importante estratégia nutricional nesta faixa etária.

Synthesis and evaluation of the mutagenicity of 3-alkylpyridine marine alkaloid analogues with anticancer potential.

Theonella sp is an important source of biologically-active 3-alkylpyridine alkaloids (3-APAs) that has shown a wide variety of promising biological effects. In the present work, two new 3-APAs analogues were synthesized based on molecular modeling studies to act as potential antimalarial agents. These theoneladin C analogues, containing the thiocyanate group in their chemical structures, were synthesized and evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 values ranging from 2.3 to 5.5µM). The structural and energetic analysis demonstrated a high chemical affinity of the two analogues for their target, the heme group. However, despite the good antimalarial activity, the compounds exhibited high cytotoxicity and a lack of selectivity for human cell lines. These findings prompted us to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds against human cancer cell lines. In order to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity, a variety of genotoxicity assays were performed in vitro. One of the compounds assayed presented an interesting selectivity and high toxicity to the human colon cancer cell line RKO-AS45-1. In addition, the results of the micronucleus assay, comet assay, Ames assay and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining showed that the synthetic alkaloids were able to induce chromosomal mis-segregation and trigger cell death by apoptosis. These results demonstrate that the compounds assessed herein may be promising prototypes of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

Target-Guided Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Evaluation of a New Fluorinated 3-Alkylpyridine Marine Alkaloid Analog.

The need to develop new alternatives for antimalarial treatment is urgent. Herein, we report the synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of a small library of synthetic 3-alkylpyridine marine alkaloid (3-APA) analogs. First, the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum. The most active compound 5c was selected for optimization of its antimalarial properties. An in silico approach was used based on pure ab initio electronic structure prediction, and the results indicated that a substitution of the hydroxyl group by a fluorine atom could favor a more stable complex with heme at a molecular ratio of 2:1 (heme/3-APA halogenated). A new fluorinated 3-APA analog was synthesized (compound 7), and its antimalarial activity was re-evaluated. Compound 7 exhibited optimized antimalarial properties (P. falciparum IC50 = 2.5 µM), low genotoxicity, capacity to form a more stable heme/3-APA complex at a molecular ratio of 2:1, and conformity to RO5. The new compound, therefore, has great potential as a new lead antimalarial agent.

Nutrigenômica/nutrigenética na elucidação das doenças crônicas / Nutrigenomics/nutrigenetics in the elucidation of chronic diseases

A Nutrição contemporânea está centrada em pesquisas visando a promoção da saúde e a prevenção de doenças. A nutrigenômica e a nutrigenética tornam possível o estudo das interações entre dieta, nutrientes e genes. Esse artigo teve como objetivo identificar as interações entre os fatores genéticos e os fatores ambientais na etiologia das doenças crônicas como obesidade, doença celíaca, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, desordens cardiovasculares e câncer. Para utilização da nutrigenômica/nutrigenética como ferramenta para terapia nutricional são essenciais mais pesquisas básicas, estudos epidemiológicos e estudos de intervenção para entender como os nutrientes modulam in vivo os mecanismos das doenças crônicas.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-alkylpyridine marine alkaloid analogs with promising anticancer activity.

Cancer continues to be one of the most important health problems worldwide, and the identification of novel drugs and treatments to address this disease is urgent. During recent years, marine organisms have proven to be a promising source of new compounds with action against tumoral cell lines. Here, we describe the synthesis and anticancer activity of eight new 3-alkylpyridine alkaloid (3-APA) analogs in four steps and with good yields. The key step for the synthesis of these compounds is a Williamson etherification under phase-transfer conditions. We investigated the influence of the length of the alkyl chain attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring on the cytotoxicity of these compounds. Biological assays demonstrated that compounds with an alkyl chain of ten carbon atoms (4c and 5c) were the most active against two tumoral cell lines: RKO-AS-45-1 and HeLa. Micronucleus and TUNEL assays showed that both compounds are mutagenic and induce apoptosis. In addition, Compound 5c altered the cellular actin cytoskeleton in RKO-AS-45-1 cells. The results suggest that Compounds 4c and 5c may be novel prototype anticancer agents.

Da medicina à psicanálise: um percurso na direção do sujeito

Partimos do advento da ciência moderna e analisamos como, de uma forma cada vez mais organizada e sedimentada, instaura-se, progressivamente, o que conhecemos como a sociedade moderna ocidental. Desde então, a medicina, como um dos expoentes da ciência, participa vivamente da construção de um novo saber sobre o individuo e sustenta um discurso hegemônico. A descoberta do inconsciente especificamente freudiano rompe com a própria noção de individuo. Deslocamo-nos de uma realidade puramente externa para uma realidade psíquica. Aqui a idéia de sujeito- diferente de individuo- implica em deslocar o conceito de uno, indivisível e coeso, para dividido, fragmentado e sobredeterminado. A partir dos relatos obtidos em uma instituição de saúde com um grupo de profissionais, médicos em sua maioria, constatamos que, dentro da estrutura sob a qual é concebido, o discurso da ciência flagra a todo momento com o que na sua origem fora excluído: os apspectos de ordem subjetiva, inerentes ao sujeito. Através dessa dissertação, demostramos que, por trás de um discurso linear, o sujeito se faz presente nos atropelos da fala, nos sintomas e nos percalços do cotidiano de cada um. É esse aparentemente sem sentido o que aqui nos detém. Ao invés da noção de um acesso progressivo a estágios de desenvolvimento, enfocamos a importância que a psicanálise atribui à incompletude e à inconsistência presentes na constituição do sujeito. De Freud a Lacan, assinalamos que o desejo humano situa-se nesse terreno. Desejo de preencher uma falta que, por estrutura, é irremediável e , por isso mesmo, nos faz desejantes

At the coming of modern science, one sees the establishment of what in a gradually growing organized solid way became progressively know as modern western society. Medical science, as one of science exponemts, plays a important role in the building up of a new knowledge upon the individual, holding also a hegemonic discourse. Freud´s unconscious discovery breaks down with the very notion of the individual. We move on from a pure external reality into a psychic one. Here the subject idea- one that is different from that of an individual- moves away from the concept of onde indivisible and united towards a divided, fragmented and overdetermined one. Through the analysis of account taken from of a group professionals working on a health care institution, mainly physicians, we verify that science discourse- inside the structure in wich it is conceived- takes unawares all the time of what has been excluded since its origin: the subjective aspects, inherent to the subject. Through this dissertation, we demonstrate that behind a linear discourse the subject is made present through speech trampling and daily symptoms and drawbacks in every one. It is this apparent lack of sense that calls our attention. Instead of taking a notion of progressive development stages acces, we focus on the importance psychoanalysis assingn to the incompleteness and the inconsistency present inside the subject building up process. We point out that from freud to lacan, human desire finds itself located in this field. A desire to fulfill a gap that, give, the overall structure, is helpless and makes us all wishful

Tratamento cirúrgico das metástases pulmonares nodulares / Surgical treatment of the nodular lung metastasis

Cinquenta e dois pacientes com metástases pulmonares nodulares de sarcomas e carcinomas foram tratados cirurgicamente e seus prontuários avaliados retrospectivamente no Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica do Instituto Nacional do Câncer entre agosto de 1979 a agosto de 1989. Entre os sarcomas observamos 23 osteossarcomas, dois fibro-histiocitomas e casos isolados de sarcoma de Ewing, neurofibrossarcoma, leiomiossarcoma, condrossarcoma e sinoviossarcoma. Nos pacientes com carcinomas observamos sete tumores testiculares, quatro tumores de mama, três tumores de cólon e reto, três tumores de pele, doi tumores de parótida e um de cada com tumor de estomago, rim e faringe. O intervalo livre de doença variou de zero a 96 meses e o tempo de duplicaçäo tumoral foi determinado em 22 pacientes variando de 16 a 107 dias. Os 52 pacientes foram submetidos a 73 operaçöes, sendo que 12 necessitaram de mais de uma cirurgia, devido a recidiva. Dentre os 462 nódulos ressecados, apenas seis pacientes com tumores testiculares näo tinha células malignas viáveis. Conclui-se que a cirurgia da metástase pulmonar é o tratamento indicado para pacientes selecionados e a presença de doença bilateral foi o único dado que comprometeu o prognóstico desses pacientes

Ceratocone com hidropsia aguda e perfuraçäo corneana / Acute hydrops and corneal perforation in keratoconus

Paciente do sexo feminino, 14 anos, sem diagnóstico prévio de ceratocone, apresentou hidropsia aguda e perfuraçäo corneana na ausência de trauma ocular. Foi realizado transplante penetrante, exame anátomo-patológico do botäo corneano e topografia do olho contralateral que foi sugestivo de ceratocone incipiente. Embora raro, pode ocorrer perfuraçäo de córnea em hidropsia aguda